![]() ![]() We identify the main science advisory bodies, their functions and roles in decision-making, their disciplinary composition and how each addresses the interplay between science and policy in the coordination of expert advice. ![]() Section “The meso level: the Dutch playbook for responding to pandemics” addresses how this style of policymaking shaped the institutional design for responding to pandemics in the Netherlands at the national level-the official Dutch playbook. We further conceptualise science advice and health governance in the Netherlands based on studies of science-policy interaction in the Dutch health sector. We describe the Dutch style and structures of policymaking as they emerged at the beginning of this century, characterised by Willem Halffman and Rob Hoppe ( 2005) as the coexistence of corporatist, neoliberal and deliberative arrangements. Section “The macro level: national styles of governing and the Dutch science–policy interface” sets the stage through a general account of science advice and governance in the Netherlands. What were the characteristics of governing and science advice in the Netherlands, and in what ways did dominant imaginaries of citizen–state relations and science advice also characterise the Dutch response to the COVID-19 pandemic? It is these questions that structure our analysis below. In particular, we delineate how the political culture of the Netherlands shaped institutional responses to the pandemic. In our research, we analyse the roles, dynamics and logic of science advice in structuring the Dutch response to the COVID-19 pandemic, from January 2020 to December 2020. ![]() Rather, it is the political culture of a nation in combination with existing organisational formats for science–policy interaction that are key to understanding institutional responses to controversial science and technology – and thus why issues of concern can become issues of overt controversy and contestation. As Jasanoff ( 2005) argues, science-based controversies rarely follow a purely rationalist model of science-based policy informed by rigorously established objective evidence. ![]()
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